We mainly see because of the macula. This is the most sensitive part of the retina, the light-sensitive film at the back of the eye.  The macula helps us process whatever we see in front of us. It macula changes as we get older and can present as a condition known as age-related macular degeneration. You should be aware of this eye condition as it can lead to blindness if not treated early.

Although the causes of this disorder are unknown, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic predisposition and other risk factors. There is only one modifiable risk factor, smoking, although a healthy diet is also important.

Smoking:
Age-related macular degeneration, or AMD, is more common in current smokers than in those who have never smoked.  

Low-fish and leafy green vegetable diet:
Eat healthy foods like fish and leafy green vegetables to reduce your risk of AMD.

Sunlight:
Blue wavelengths or ultraviolet rays are not strongly associated with AMD. However, wearing UV-protective glasses has no negative effects, so some studies recommend UV protection. Non-modifiable risk factors include age, race, and genetic predisposition. 

Old age:
Although AMD can occur earlier, people over 60 are more likely to get it than younger people.  Race: AMD is more common in white patients. Genetic predisposition & family history: Although not all forms of AMD are inherited, certain genes have a significantly increased risk of developing age-related macular degeneration. If you have a parent, child, or sibling with macular degeneration, your chances of developing age-related macular degeneration are three to four times higher, according to studies.

Steps to take to lower your risk of developing age-related macular degeneration and reducing progression of existing disease

• Avoid smoking
• Consume plenty of dark-coloured leafy vegetables. Lutein, a substance that neutralises free radicals can prevent damage to the macula. It is present in vegetables such as kale, spinach, and collards. You can also take a lutein supplement.
• Eat plenty of fish, flaxseeds, fish oil, and nuts for omega-3 fatty acids. 
• Control your cholesterol and blood pressure.
• Be active and maintain a healthy weight.
• See an optician every 1-2 years and seek urgent advice from a qualified ophthalmologist if you develop any symptoms of blurring or distorted vision.

Although you cannot prevent age-related macular degeneration, you can reduce your risk by following the advice in this article.